{"id":456,"date":"2026-04-12T18:40:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-12T10:40:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maplewoodu.edulink.cc\/vn\/common-mistakes-in-deployment-diagrams-devops\/"},"modified":"2026-04-12T18:40:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T10:40:35","slug":"common-mistakes-in-deployment-diagrams-devops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maplewoodu.edulink.cc\/vn\/common-mistakes-in-deployment-diagrams-devops\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm quy tr\u00ecnh DevOps c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh DevOps s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. T\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p \u0111en chung chung. Trong khi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao n\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, th\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee5m microservice ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p duy nh\u1ea5t ghi nh\u00e3n \u201cM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ed9i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cao.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c CPU c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
  • Li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HTTP hay gRPC kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng theo m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c suy \u0111o\u00e1n. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, g\u00e2y ra ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi t\u1ea3i cao. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c container kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i, c\u1ed5ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 proxy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn DevOps:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng can thi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
    • C\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c do c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c m\u1eabu giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i tin nh\u1eafn, bus s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi HTTP \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

      Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1eedi v\u00e0 qu\u00ean. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 broker tin nh\u1eafn, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i hay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed9i DevOps c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh logic th\u1eed l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i tin nh\u1eafn l\u1ed7i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n m\u1edf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd socket trong pipeline CI\/CD.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
      • G\u1eedi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n
      • Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
      • X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi API \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eb7n giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn hai d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
        • Ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c broker tin nh\u1eafn.<\/li>\n
        • Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. Thi\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ly m\u1ea1ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng con ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ra internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
          • S\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c do c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng cho t\u1eebng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. N\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

            4. C\u00e1c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

            H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thu nh\u1ecf theo l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp. C\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi ngay sau l\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

            N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra *kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng* m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c container \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u0129nh cho c\u00e1c container l\u00e0 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. N\u00f3 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u1ea9n \u0111i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
            • G\u00e1n nh\u00e3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/li>\n
            • Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
            • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              5. Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c n\u00fat quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

              Nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

              N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u01a1i nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i hay n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 DevOps c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00fat n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

              H\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau trong b\u1ea3n minh h\u1ecda ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u?<\/li>\n
              • Thu th\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1:<\/strong>CPU v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n
              • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong>Ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1?<\/li>\n
              • Theo d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>D\u00f2ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o qua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9. Khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay v\u00ec kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 (MTTR).<\/p>\n

                6. S\u1ef1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83d\udcbe<\/h2>\n

                Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gom t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a chung, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh hay nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n d\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng? Hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc-vi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (ch\u1ee7-\u0111\u1ec7, \u0111a v\u00f9ng).<\/li>\n
                • L\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u00fat l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
                • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  7. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ‘\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac’\u2014c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfm khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                  N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ecb ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd s\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru, trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                  Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho c\u00e1c n\u00fat quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n
                  • C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
                  • Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1eed l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
                  • B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i lan truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro do l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

                    8. S\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y script \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. DevOps h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n (IaC).<\/p>\n

                    Khi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u ‘ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00f4i’.<\/p>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c kho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. N\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                    So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    Sai l\u1ea7m<\/th>\nTri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c quan<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn DevOps<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                    Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p duy nh\u1ea5t cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee5m<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sai, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    B\u1ecf qua Async<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n<\/td>\nL\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, l\u1ec7ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p t\u0129nh<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/td>\nMTTR cao, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9 trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung chung<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p di chuy\u1ec3n, l\u1ed7i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn l\u1ed7i<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u201cH\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eadp trong th\u1eddi gian m\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    L\u1ec7ch do thao t\u00e1c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/td>\nM\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, l\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    T\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng CI\/CD \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

                    M\u1ed9t khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong wiki. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u00e3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba n\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai, lu\u1ed3ng pipeline n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

                    \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0. Ch\u00fang d\u00e0nh cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean an ninh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

                    T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i? Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? R\u1ee7i ro n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi logic kinh doanh, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

                    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khi xem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                    Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \ud83e\uddf9<\/h2>\n

                    M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o (pull request) cho c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                    • V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      V\u0103n h\u00f3a duy tr\u00ec n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

                      T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

                      X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a, b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 xem nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 DevOps c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                      \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u00edt s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u1ef1 tin ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                      B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf tr\u00ean. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u01a1n tru v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":457,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[48,49],"class_list":["post-456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-deployment-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nDevOps Deployment Diagram Mistakes to Avoid \ud83d\ude80<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn common mistakes in deployment diagrams that slow down DevOps. 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